The tarsal bones are found near the ankle, in the middle of the foot, where they form an arch. In fact, nearly one-quarter of the bones in the body are found in the feet. The feet are made up of many bones, muscles, and ligaments. The Achilles tendon attaches the muscles of the calves to the bones of the ankle and foot. Tibial nerves stimulate muscles in the back of the lower leg. This is one of the main nerves in the leg. ![]() These nerves are branches of the sciatic nerve. Fibular nerves stimulate the muscles of the front part of the lower leg. These muscles are located on the front side of the lower leg. The muscles in the back help with plantar flexion and supporting the arch of the foot. The muscles in the front allow for dorsiflexion. These muscles are found on the front and back sides of the lower leg. Like the gastrocnemius and soleus, it’s involved in plantar flexion. ![]() This is a small muscle in the back of the lower leg. This large muscle is located behind the gastrocnemius. It allows for a type of movement called plantar flexion in the ankle. This is one of the main muscles in the calves. It mainly serves as an attachment point for the muscles of the lower leg. It acts as the main weight-bearing bone of the leg. Also called the shin bone, the tibia is the longer of the two bones in the lower leg. This area is commonly referred to as the calf. The lower leg extends from the knee to the ankle. In addition, they help evenly distribute weight, providing balance and stability. They’re discs of cartilage that act as shock absorbers. The knee contains two menisci (plural), known as the medial meniscus and lateral meniscus. They help reduce friction and inflammation in the knee. Bursae (plural) are small sacs filled with fluid in the knee joint. Some of the most important structures include: The knee contains a variety of structures that help it support weight and allow a range of movements. What’s the difference between tendons and ligaments? Find out here. The quadriceps tendon attaches the quadriceps muscle to the patella. The largest tendon in the knee is the patellar tendon. They’re found on the ends of muscles, where they help attach muscle to bone. Tendons are also bands of connective tissue. This provides stability for the inner knee. This prevents the knee from moving too far backward. This prevents the tibia in the lower leg from moving too far forward. They help support joints and keep them from moving too much. Ligaments are bands of connective tissue that surround a joint. Also called the kneecap, the patella serves as a point of attachment for different tendons and ligaments. ![]() It also allows for rotation and pivoting. In addition to bearing the weight of the upper body, the knee allows for walking, running, and jumping. The knee joins the upper leg and the lower leg. The adductors are five muscles located on the inside of the thigh. Try these three quadriceps stretches if you’re a runner. ![]() They allow the knees to straighten from a bent position. The quadriceps are four muscles located on the front of the thigh. Learn how to prevent and treat hamstring pain. The hamstrings are three muscles located on the back of the thigh. It can account for about a quarter of someone’s height. Also called the thigh bone, this is the longest bone in the body. It’s the area that runs from the hip to the knee in each leg.
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